![]() ![]() Rupture of round or oval membrane may cause inner ear barotrauma, vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss.Failure of eustachian tube to equilibrate pressure may distort the tympanic membrane, causing discomfort or rupture.Nasal congestion or eustachian tube dysfunction increases risk of damage.Associated with rapid or extreme changes in ambient pressure: air travel, mountain climbing, scuba diving.Otalgia (earache) and hearing loss occur as a result of stretching and deformation of the tympanic membrane (TM).Damage to the inner ear may be permanent.This can create a labyrinthine fistula, which consequently can allow leakage of perilymph. Sudden pressure differentials between middle and inner ear may lead to rupture of the round or oval window.Complication of rapid ascent scuba diving with a closed glottis.When the transalveolar pressure disrupts the structural integrity of the alveolus, the alveolar wall can rupture, leading to interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum.If the compressed air inside the lungs is not. Iatrogenic complication of mechanical ventilation or hyperbaric oxygen treatment Pulmonary barotrauma can occur when a diver holds his breath during ascent (when ambient pressure reduces). ![]() When gas is trapped in a confined space, such as the middle ear, paranasal sinus, or lungs, a sudden decrease in ambient pressure causes expansion of the gas within the cavity. Boyle law (PV = k), relating volume and pressure of gases, applies to all forms of barotrauma. ![]()
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